Three vintage cars.

array(44) ( => array(10) ( ["TEXT"]=> string(16) "Company" ["LINK"]=> string(7) "/about/" ["SELECTED"]=> bool (false) ["PERMISSION"]=> string(1) "R" ["ADDITIONAL_LINKS"]=> array(0) ( ) ["ITEM_TYPE"]=> string(1) "D" ["ITEM_INDEX"]= > int(0) ["PARAMS"]=> array(0) ( ) ["DEPTH_LEVEL"]=> int(1) ["IS_PARENT"]=> bool(true) ) => array(10) ( [" TEXT"]=> string(9) "About us" ["LINK"]=> string(6) "/about" ["SELECTED"]=> bool(false) ["PERMISSION"]=> string(1) "R" ["ADDITIONAL_LINKS"]=> array(0) ( ) ["ITEM_TYPE"]=> string(1) "P" ["ITEM_INDEX"]=> int(0) ["PARAMS"]=> array( 1) ( ["rel"]=> string(8) "nofollow" ) ["DEPTH_LEVEL"]=> int(2) ["IS_PARENT"]=> bool(false) ) => array(10) ( [" TEXT"]=> string(12) "Vіdguki" ["LINK"]=> string(16) "/about/feedback/" ["SELECTED"]=> bool(false) ["PERMISSION"]=> string( 1) "R" ["ADDITIONAL_LINKS"]=> array(0) ( ) ["ITEM_TYPE"]=> string(1) "D" ["ITEM_INDEX"]=> int(1) ["PARAMS"]=> array(0) ( ) ["DEPTH_LEVEL "]=> int(2) ["IS_PARENT"]=> bool(false) ) => array(10) ( ["TEXT"]=> string(27) "We are being repaired " ["LINK"]=> string (16) "/my-remontiruem/" ["SELECTED"]=> bool(false) ["PERMISSION"]=> string(1) "R" ["ADDITIONAL_LINKS"]= > array(0) ( ) [" ITEM_TYPE"]=> string(1) "D" ["ITEM_INDEX"]=> int(1) ["PARAMS"]=> array(1) ( ["nolink"]= > string(1) "Y" ) ["DEPTH_LEVEL"]=> int(1) ["IS_PARENT"]=> bool(true) ) => array(10) ( ["TEXT"]=> string(27) "Repair of Gazels" ["LINK"] => string(14) "/remont-gazel/" ["SELECTED"]=> bool(false) ["PERMISSION"]=> string(1) "R" ["ADDITIONAL_LINKS "]=> array(0) ( ) ["ITEM_TYPE"]=> string(1) "D" ["ITEM_INDEX"]=> int(0) ["PARAMS"]=> array(0) ( ) [" DEPTH_LEVEL"]=> int(2) ["IS_PARENT"]=> bool(true) ) => array(10) ( ["TEXT"]=> string(37) "Gazelle diagnostics" ["LINK"]=> string(32) "/remont-gazel /diagnostika-gazel/" ["SELECTED"]=> bool(false) ["PERMISSION"]=> string(1) "R" ["ADDITIONAL_LINKS"]=> array(0 ) ( ) ["ITEM_ TYPE"]=> string(1) "D" ["ITEM_INDEX"]=> int(0) ["PARAMS"]=> array(0) ( ) ["DEPTH_LEVEL"]=> int (3) ["IS_PARENT "]=> bool(false) ) => array(10) ( ["TEXT"]=> string(44) "Repair of Gazelle engine" ["LINK"]=> string(28) " /services/remont-dvigatelya /" ["SELECTED"]=> bool(false) ["PERMISSION"]=> string(1) "R" ["ADDITIONAL_LINKS"]=> array(0) ( ) ["ITEM_TYPE" ]=> string(1 ) "D" ["ITEM_INDEX"]=> int(1) ["PARAMS"]=> array(0) ( ) ["DEPTH_LEVEL"]=> int(3) ["IS_PARENT"] => bool(false) ) => array(10) ( ["TEXT"]=> string(44) "Repair of Gazelle muffler" ["LINK"]=> string(33) "/services/remont-systemy-vypuska /" ["SELECTED" ]=> bool(false) ["PERMISSION"]=> string(1) "R" ["ADDITIONAL_LINKS"]=> array(0) ( ) ["ITEM_TYPE"]=> string(1 ) "D" [" ITEM_INDEX"]=> int(2) ["PARAMS"]=> array(0) ( ) ["DEPTH_LEVEL"]=> int(3) ["IS_PARENT"]=> bool(false) ) => array(10 ) ( ["TEXT"]=> string(40) "Repair of running Gazelle" ["LINK"]=> string(35) "/remont-gazel/remont-hodov oj-gazel/" [ "SELECTED"]=> bool(false) ["PERMISSION"]=> string(1) "R" ["ADDITIONAL_LINKS"]=> array(0) ( ) ["ITEM_TYPE"]=> string(1) "D " ["ITEM_INDEX"]=> int(3) ["PARAMS"]=> array(0) ( ) ["DEPTH_LEVEL"]=> int(3) ["IS_PARENT"]=> bool (false) ) => array(10) ( ["TEXT"]=> string(32) "Repair of Gazelle gearbox" ["LINK"]=> string(21) "/services/remont-kpp/" ["SELECTED "]=> bool( false) ["PERMISSION"]=> string(1) "R" ["ADDITIONAL_LINKS"]=> array(0) ( ) ["ITEM_TYPE"]=> string(1) "D" [ "ITEM_INDEX"]=> int(4) ["PARAMS"]=> array(0) ( ) ["DEPTH_LEVEL"]=> int(3) ["IS_PARENT"]=> bool(false) ) => array( 10) ( ["TEXT "]=> string(35) "Tire fitting Gazel" ["LINK"]=> string(33) "/remont-gazel/shinomontazh-gazel/" ["SELECTED"]=> bool(false ) ["PERMISSION"] => string(1) "R" ["ADDITIONAL_LINKS"]=> array(0) ( ) ["ITEM_TYPE"]=> string(1) "D" ["ITEM_INDEX"]=> int (5) ["PARAMS" "]=> array(0) ( ) ["DEPTH_LEVEL"]=> int(3) ["IS_PARENT"]=> bool(false) ) => array(10) ( ["TEXT"]=> string(39 ) "Skhod-rozval on Gazelle" ["LINK"]=> string(33) "/remont-gazel/skhod-razval-gazel/" ["SELECTED"]=> bool(false) ["PERMISSION"]=> string(1) "R" ["ADDITIONAL_LINKS"]=> array(0) ( ) ["ITEM_TYPE"]=> string(1) "D" ["ITEM_INDEX"] => int(6) ["PARAMS"] => array(0) ( ) ["DEPTH_LEVEL"]=> int(3) ["IS_PARENT"]=> bool(false) ) => array(10) ( [ "TEXT"]=> string(60) " Technical maintenance of Gazelle" ["LINK"]=> string(39) "/remont-gazel/tekh-obsluzhivanie-gazel/" ["SELECTED"]=> bool(false) ["PERMISSION"]=> string(1) "R" ["ADDITIONAL_LINKS"]=> array(0) ( ) ["ITEM_TYPE"]=> string(1) "D" ["ITEM_INDEX"]=> int( 7) ["PARAMS"]=> array( 0) ( ) ["DEPTH_LEVEL"]=> int(3) ["IS_PARENT"]=> bool(false) ) => array(10) ( ["TEXT"] => string(36) "Repair Gazelle Next" ["LINK"]=> string(20) "/remont-gazel-nekst/" ["SELECTED"]=> bool(false) ["PERMISSION"]=> string (1) "R" ["ADDITIONAL_LINKS"] => array(0) ( ) ["ITEM_TYPE"]=> str Golovna " ["LINK"]=> string(21) "/services/remont-kpp/" ["SELECTED"]=> bool(false) ["PERMISSION"]=> string(1) "R" ["ADDITIONAL_LINKS" ]=> array(1) ( => string(21) "/services/remont-kpp/" ) ["ITEM_TYPE"]=> string(1) "D" ["ITEM_INDEX"]=> int(5) [ "PARAMS"]=> array(3) ( ["FROM_IBLOCK"]=> bool(true) ["IS_PARENT"]=> bool(false) ["DEPTH_LEVEL"]=> string(1) "1" ) [" DEPTH_LEVEL"]=> int(2) ["IS_PARENT"]=> bool(false) ) => array(10) ( ["TEXT"]=> string(43) "System repair" ["LINK"]= > string(33) "/services/remont-sistemy-vypuska/" ["SELECTED"]=> bool(false) ["PERMISSION"]=> string(1) "R" ["ADDITIONAL_LINKS"]=> array( 1) ( => string(33) "/services/remont-sistemy-vypuska/" ) ["ITEM_TYPE"]=> string(1) "D" ["ITEM_INDEX"]=> int(6) ["PARAMS" ]=> array(3) ( ["FROM_IBLOCK"]=> bool(true) ["IS_PARENT"]=> bool(false) ["DEPTH_LEVEL"]=> string(1) "1" ) ["DEPTH_LEVEL"] => int(2) ["IS_PARENT"]=> bool(false) ) => array(10) ( ["TEXT"]=> string(59) "Car chassis repair" ["LINK"]=> string(33) "/services/remont-khodovoy-chasti/" ["SELECTED"]=> bool(false) ["PERMISSION"]=> string(1) " R" ["ADDITIONAL_LINKS"]=> array(1 ) ( => string(33) "/services/remont-khodovoy-chasti/" ) ["ITEM_TYPE"]=> string(1) "D" ["ITEM_INDEX" ]=> int(7) ["PARAMS"] => array(3) ( ["FROM_IBLOCK"]=> bool(true) ["IS_PARENT"]=> bool(false) ["DEPTH_LEVEL"]=> string( 1) "1" ) ["DEPTH_LEVEL"]= > int(2) ["IS_PARENT"]=> bool(false) ) => array(10) ( ["TEXT"]=> string(99) "Electrical repair of vans" ["LINK"]=> string( 20) "/services/elektrika/" ["SELECTED"]=> bool(false) ["PERMISSION"]=> string(1) "R" ["ADDITIONAL_LINKS" ]=> array(1) ( => string( 20) "/services/elektrika/" ) ["ITEM_TYPE"]=> string(1) "D" ["ITEM_INDEX"]=> int(8) ["PARAMS "]=> array(3) ( ["FROM_IBLOCK "]=> bool(true) ["IS_PARENT"]=> bool(false) ["DEPTH_LEVEL"]=> string(1) "1" ) ["DEPTH_LEVEL" ]=> int(2) ["IS_PARENT"] => bool(fa lse) ) => array(10) ( ["TEXT"]=> string(19) "PRICE LIST" ["LINK"]=> string(12) "/price-list/" [ "SELECTED"]=> bool(false) ["PERMISSION"]=> string(1) "R" ["ADDITIONAL_LINKS"]=> array(0) ( ) ["ITEM_TYPE"]=> string(1) "D " ["ITEM_INDEX" ]=> int(3) ["PARAMS"]=> array(0) ( ) ["DEPTH_LEVEL"]=> int(1) ["IS_PARENT"]=> bool(false) ) => array(10) ( ["TEXT"]=> string(12) "Stati" ["LINK"]=> string(7) "/stati/" ["SELECTED"]=> bool(true) ["PERMISSION" ]=> string( 1) "R" ["ADDITIONAL_LINKS"]=> array(0) ( ) ["ITEM_TYPE"]=> string(1) "D" ["ITEM_INDEX"]=> int(4) [" PARAMS"]=> array(0) ( ) ["DEPTH_LEVEL"]=> int(1) ["IS_PARENT"]=> bool(false) ) => array(10) ( ["TEXT"]=> string( 16) "Contacts" ["LINK"]=> string(10) "/contacts/" ["SELECTED"]=> bool(false) ["PERMISSION"]=> string(1) "R" ["ADDITIONAL_LINKS" ]=> array( 0) ( ) ["ITEM_TYPE"]=> string(1) "D" ["ITEM_INDEX"]=> int(5) ["PARAMS"]=> array(0) ( ) ["DEPTH_LEVEL "]=> int (1) ["IS_PARENT"]=> bool(false) ) )

Shiny
vintage cars
- Company
- We are being repaired
- Gazel repair
- Repair Gazelle Next
Repair GAZ Sobol
UAZ repair

Services

Statti

26 Lipnya 2017

Maintenance of vintage cars: frequency, work warehouse and general recommendations Any vintage car requires periodic maintenance. The cost of low procedures, such as ensuring stable work and high quality of all elements of the transport system.

Regular maintenance is especially necessary for vintage cars, which constantly maintain their importance.

The lack of timely inspection and repair is the main reason for the decrease in the efficiency of renovation. This important approach allows you to effectively repair the machine, reduce the cost of its operation and repair. Maintenance of vintage cars compared to other types

transport arrangements

, has its own peculiarities, which may cause awareness of the hair loss of the skin.

The make, model and manufacturer of the car are not important - technical service is, however, necessary for both domestic and foreign owners.

Below we will talk about the stages and features of maintenance without reference to the type and model of the transport unit. Regulations for maintenance of vintage cars;
Many Vlasnik cars are not allowed, unless they are capable of other aspects.
TO-2 - repeated (other) technical maintenance.

GOST can be used up to the periodicity of scheduled maintenance (service interval). It depends on the mileage of a vintage car and is reflected in the kilometers traveled. Massacres seen

THAT is required at the initial stages of operation:
Careful maintenance, as indicated by the name, must be carried out once per day;
The first maintenance occurs after 4000 kilometers traveled;

Another technical service is required when the mileage of a vintage car reaches 16,000 km.

GOST does not specify the terms of maintenance that may occur during the running-in period of a transport unit.

The vibrator will install this. Most often, the break-in period for vintage cars is close to 1000 kilometers. There are many specialists who recommend replacing the engine and transmission oil. Regardless of those who neglect the first technical maintenance after driving more than 4000 kilometers, the procedure can be carried out even earlier, if the car tire does not comply with the new rules of operation. This will help to save the resource of the engine and transmission, reducing any potential problems and financial costs in the future with respect to the transport system.

Large vans and long-haul tractors have a service interval of up to 100 thousand kilometers.

Ale varto vrahuvati, scho such significance is established only for the operation of transport in the countries.

In Russia, there are no negative factors that accelerate the wear of the engine and other vehicle mechanisms, including low firepower and unpleasant road conditions.

Since the above-mentioned transport is subject to European standards, it is clear that vantage will be preferable to the availability of available technical service and the need for significant expenses for repairs.

So at what interval is it best to repair a used car? The evidence of this nutrition is lacking in the face of officials, otherwise it will lie in wait. If the shipping charge has recently been added and is still within the warranty period, the procedure must be carried out directly to the dealer. For vehicles that have been in use for a long period of time, the service interval is determined by the drivers themselves.
In this case, it is recommended to follow the terms specified by the manufacturer or GOST recommendations. The food warehouse operates at EO, TO-1, TO-2 and service station The list of procedures that must be followed before the technical service warehouse is kept during the vehicle's mileage: Great service.
When the EO is completed, an inspection of the transport department is required for the detection of external defects. During TO-2, a number of additional steps are completed similar to the previous point of the procedure.
First, the motor oil is replaced. Most often, during other technical maintenance, important components are disassembled and repaired, which were only checked and cleaned during TO-1. Most often, for a specific vintage car, the service interval is similar to the period between other maintenance. Seasonal technical maintenance.

The list of tasks that must be included before the service station is kept in the season of the procedure.

At the beginning of autumn, a vintage car is being prepared for use

winter hour

.

For this purpose, antifreeze is poured into the refrigeration system, and liquid is poured into the washer tank, which does not freeze.

In certain situations, the engine oil is replaced with a similar one, or one with a lower viscosity.

Decreasing the workload of a vehicle technical service station.

The subdivision of the river oblasts works for the species and place of viconny.

The increase in the number of workers, the number of work posts and the number of vehicles being cleaned and saved.

Warehouse and area.

robot control, add 02/16/2012 The development of river services operates at the car service station, which is divided into different types and thus victorious. Calculation of the number of workers, the number of posts and vehicles, the location of cleaning and saving.

The designated area is required for ownership.

course work, add 01/27/2011

The division is responsible for the technical maintenance and ongoing repair of automobiles of various types and thus repairs.

Shaping virobic zones, plots and work posts. Development of the number of auto cleaning and saving. The technology works in the farmhouse.

course work, add 05/28/2014

The subdivision of the river oblasts works for the species and place of viconny. The number of posts and the vehicle of the designed service station is significant. The warehouse and area are located.

Results of the selection of the main technological equipment of the painting station.

course work, add 01/31/2015

The value of the river service works in service center.

Market segmentation.

The complexity of technical maintenance and in-line repairs

passenger cars

After the restoration and repair of the car, it is also directly in the saving zone.

Since the number of cars that rotate from the line in one hour is greater than the capacity of the EO zone, then some of the cars after the checkpoint do not enter the EO zone, but into the conservation or maintenance and repair zone.

These vehicles must pass the EO later if the EO zone is not restricted.

For vehicles that check for MOT and TR, check the check points in the following zones.

Some buses after EO are subject to diagnosis before service and repair, and then go to service and repair stations (Fig. 3.1).

Vehicles are allowed onto the line from the security zone through a checkpoint.

When repairing a vehicle, dismantling and folding, metalworking, welding, adjusting, fastening and other work is carried out, as well as replacement of other parts, assemblies, mechanisms, accessories and assemblies. With a TP unit, the same work is carried out, except by replacing basic parts that have reached the limit-permissible state of the basic ones, with the method of shortening the downtime of cars, continuous repairs of cars at the ATP are mainly carried out using the aggregate method from the working capital. Work on repairing units is carried out by the unit department.

Electrical technical robots are installed both at maintenance and technical posts and in the electrical engineering department.

Battery robots require recharging, charging and repairs

rechargeable batteries

and the stench will be in the battery compartment.

Work on the repair of combustion equipment is carried out both at the maintenance and repair posts and in the department responsible for the repair of life system devices.

Tire fitting and tire repair robots include dismantling and mounting tires, repairing wheel rims and inner tubes, and wheel balancing.

Work on the production of fastening parts, mechanical processing of parts after fusion, turning of galvanizing drums, milling of damaged surfaces, etc. be completed at the metal-mechanical department.

The fittings, trellises, and plaques are knitted technologically and are assembled in various departments.

Maintenance and repair of technological equipment, work and maintenance at the ATP is the responsibility of the head mechanic (OGM).

de - area forgotten with virobnicho-warehouse booths, m 2;

Area with additional booths, m 2 ;

Area of covered squares for saving substations, m2;

Gas station area, m2;

Кз - density of forgotten territory, %.

Kz is accepted according to SNiP II-89-80, indicated in Table 3.1.

Accepted for forgetting a plot under ATP - blocking type of forgetting.

All the main components of the laboratory are located in one booth.

Since at the planned ATP there are more than 10 service points, then according to SNiP-II-93-74 it is possible to design for any vehicle.

Also, to carry out the EO, a wake-up call is required.

For virobnichikh budіvel accepts a single-surface forget scheme.

All developments and additional zones included in the master plan will be developed according to the functional diagrams and technological process diagrams of maintenance and repair.

In the territory of the ATP, the flow of transport services operates on the principle of a one-way circular flow.

In this case, the possibility of streamflow and their cross-linking is turned off.

If the ATP is transferred to the preservation of transport means on the open platforms, then the territory of the enterprise is subject to a 1.6 m fence.

One checkpoint is accepted for entry and exit of vehicles.

In addition, it is necessary to transfer one spare gate.

Since there is a one-way road on the territory of the ATP, the width of the passage is accepted to be no less than 3 meters.

To purify wastewater before it is transported to the external sewerage system or for re-purification, it is transferred to the clean installation of “Crystal”.

Tanks for collecting board water are also pumped.

The self-priming pipeline for draining wastewater from the vehicle posts has a rating of at least 0.03.

The placement of cars near the conservation zone will be carried out according to scheme 4 3.3.

The width of the driveways on the open car-saving platforms is determined according to the following patterns of minds: cars are installed in the place of saving in the forward direction; When vehicles are parked in a forward position, they are allowed to turn in the driveway with one-time reverse gear engagements;

Stand between cars that are collapsing and stand, as well as the car itself and wake-ups and disputes are no less responsible for the external dry zone.

The width of dry zones when saving cars on open plazas is specified by SNiP-01-80 (Table 3.5). On the territory of the ATP, ordered maidans are being transferred for repairs. The dimensions of the Maidans are calculated from the size of at least 1 m2 per unit for the largest number of changes, then.

less than 80 m2.

However, due to the lack of need, the Maidan with gazebos in the green zone of the ATP is taken as a replacement zone.

On the territory of the enterprise, approximately 15% of the enterprise area is covered with green areas.

approximately 12,600 m2.

The total area of the premises that is located in the main vibration building is determined.

The roughly total area of the head corpus is calculated using the following formula:

de , , – apparently the total areas of the production zones, separating out the storage areas that will be located near the building, m 2 ;

The coefficient that the insurance area would be for passages and passages,

In case of which the following is insured: EO zone, diagnostic department, painting department are located in adjacent booths;

Administrative and civilian premises are located in the adjacent administrative and civilian building, connected to the military building by a closed passage. Todi: Now let's select a grid of columns.

The crust of the columns may remain stable for everything.

Accepted length equal to 12 m. Dovzhina length L = 84 m. Accepted span varies: 36-36-36-24-24-36-36-36 m.

Colonies accept

future dimensions

: 600x400 mm.

At the outer walls, through the skin 6 m, it is necessary to install intermediate (technological) columns.

Wall thickness: external -380mm, internal - 120mm;

window width – 2000.

The layout of the premises will be consistent with the technological process, the connections between zones, separate warehouses, civil works, sanitary and hygienic and similar facilities .

Post maintenance zones may be naturally illuminated.

The maintenance zone accommodates 9 workers and 3 cleaning stations.

All vents are universal, have ditches, and are equipped with ditch ducts.

Warehouses of spare parts, parts, units and units, as well as units equipped with crane beams.

In the middle part there is a control center and a repair room.

There is a sanitary facility at the central entrance.

The post ditches in the TO and TR zones are connected to each other by a 1 m underground trench. The entrance to the ditch is connected to exits.

Across the ditches, transition areas of at least 0.8 m were placed.

Planovalny seat of the head virobnichego body of the ATP, vikoniya on a scale of 1:400, indications on the arch No. 2.

With regular technical maintenance, the technical parameters of the vehicle are maintained within the limits.

Due to wear and tear of parts, breakdowns and other reasons, the resource of the car, its units or mechanisms is exhausted, and a moment comes when the car can no longer operate normally.

In other words, we are approaching a borderline situation in which preventative maintenance methods cannot be carried out, but will require an updated task - repair.

The main purposes of technical repair are the elimination of malfunctions or types that have occurred in the car, its units, and the updating of their effectiveness.

During technical repairs, the following types of work are considered:

sorting and storage;

lusar-mechanical;

Mednytskyi;

boiled plaques; electrical engineering; tire repair; regulatory activities and other types. The work of car repair is labor-intensive and often costs a lot of money.

To carry them out, it is necessary to partially or externally disassemble the machine for installing or replacing parts, setting up folding precision, welding, manufacturing and other equipment.

The main basic parts and assemblies include the engine cylinder block, gearbox, conductor joint, cermic mechanism, beam front axle detect all types of malfunctions and comply with established mileage standards until major repairs with minimal downtime. The need for such repairs is determined during control inspections, which follow all types of technical maintenance, as well as requests from the driver or owner of the vehicle. Continuous repairs are carried out at technical service stations, in auto repair shops, motor transport departments, auto plants, and replacement of refurbished units piston rings, bearing shells

collapsible shaft , wheel hub bearings, springs and spring pins, steering pins, forging, valve grinding, radiator soldering, etc. Major repairs are used to update the performance of vehicles and their units by ensuring the established mileage between overhauls, subject to regular technical inspection, ongoing repairs and proper operation.

The norms for mileage between overhauls for overhauled units are usually set at a rate of not less than 80% of the mileage norm for new units and cars.

The technical standard and completeness of the car and its units are of the same type

technical minds

I'm looking forward to a major overhaul. Overhaul of automobiles requires specialized auto companies to re-disassemble the units, and the units into parts. The need for major repairs is determined by a special commission, which is the responsibility of the auto repair shop.

Repair cars individually or aggregately.

An individual repair method involves dismantling damaged units, updating them, repairing them and installing them on the car.

With this method, repairing a simple car can be significant.

The aggregate method of repair significantly reduces downtime, which is why repairs involve replacing faulty units and units for reference.

The aggregate method is usually repaired at specialized enterprises and in workshops, which makes the repair more efficient.

4.2 Discount factors

NATURAL AND ARTICLE LIGHTING

Light is the natural mental life of a person, necessary for

preserving health and high productivity, and is based on

robots of the vision analyzer, the thinnest and most universal organ

Light and visible electromagnetic coils

optical range up to 380-760 nm, which is absorbed by a sensitive membrane visual analyzer. IN

virobnichnyh premises

There are 3 types of lightening:

natural (jerelom yogo є sontse), piece (if

vikorystvuyutsya more piece dzherela svetla);

confused or

mixtures (characterized by one-hour additions of natural and

piece lighting).

Finally, the lightening will stagnate in the situation when only

Natural illumination cannot provide the necessary washing facilities for

Vikonannya of virobnichesky operations

The current norms and rules have passed two

piece clarification systems: glazed clarification system

combined lightening.

Natural lightening is created by natural light sources.

solid changes and diffuse light sky (like sleepy changes,

rosy atmosphere).

Naturally brightened and biologically

the most valuable type of illumination, to which the eye is maximally drawn

people.

The following types of natural

lighting: more precisely - through light slots (windows) at the outer walls;

top -

through light beams at the intersections;

combined - through lights

Lights and windows.

Booths with insufficient natural lightening have difficulty stagnating

Lighting - enhancement of natural and piece light.

Zagalne - for brightening all rooms, places (in a combined system)

To enhance the lightening of working surfaces or surrounding parts

ownership.

Standing as a place lightening is not allowed.

In terms of hygiene, the main lighting characteristics are

є lightness (E), as є division

light flow(F) on a flat surface (S) and may be visible

formula E = Ф/S.

Light flow (F) - the intensity of interchangeable energy, which is assessed for

the vibrancy vibrated by her.

Measured in lumens (lm).

The physiology of visual perception has no more important meaning

falling stream, and equal to the brightness of the virobniks and others

objects that are displayed from a surface that is illuminated directly to the eye.

Good health is indicated not by lightening, but by brightness,

How to understand the characteristic of the body that glows, equal to the intensity of the light

in any direction straight to the flat projection of the surface to glow

a plane perpendicular to this point.

Brightness dies in

nitah (nt).

The brightness of the lightened surfaces lies beneath their light powers,

The level of lightness is the same as the surface is visible.

The power of light is a light flow that spreads throughout the middle of the body,

equal to 1 steradiant.

The unit of light intensity is candela (cd).

The light stream that falls on the surface often breaks up,

It is washed out or passed through the body to become brighter.

Tom Svitlov

the power of the illuminated surface is also characterized by the following

coefficients:

recovery coefficient - the ratio of the light flow generated by the body to

falling; transmittance coefficient - the ratio of the light flow that passes through

middle, before falling;

claying coefficient - absorption of the light flow of the clayed body

to the falling one.

Necessary equals

Lightness is standardized according to SNiP 23-

05-95 "Natural and artificial lighting" in detail with precision

manufacturing operations, what to finish, the light powers of the working surface

and analyzed parts, lighting systems."

To the hygienic point, it is possible to represent the berry vibrancy

clarification, brightening:

an even distribution of brightness in the field of view and surrounded by shadows;

then when shifting I look from the bright to the dimly lit surface of my eyes

It is difficult to re-adapt.

Frequent re-adaptation of the lead to development

The weariness of the vision and the complication of the victorious operations.

The degree of unevenness is indicated by the unevenness coefficient.

settings of maximum lightness to minimum.

What is the accuracy

works, there is less of a coefficient of unevenness.

Overworldly blindness (brilliance) - the power to shine

on the surface with increased brightness to destroy the minds of a comfortable view,

reduce contrast sensitivity or create immediate resentment

dii.

Lamps - light fixtures, placed in fittings - recognized

for the correct distribution of the light flow and protection of the eyes from the supermundane

The brightness is bright.

The fittings protect the light shaft from mechanical ones.

poshkodzhen, as well as saws, kiptyavs, vologi, will ensure fastening and

Connection to life.

Behind the light floor, the lamps are divided into lamps

direct, diffused and broken light.

Direct light fixtures are larger

Direct 80% of the light flux from the lower puffsphere to the inner shell

enamel surface that reflects.

Rosé light fixtures are increasing

light flow in the offending sphere: some - 40-60% of the light flow down, others

60-80% uphill.

Lamps with broken light at 80% light flux

point up at the stele, and the light that comes out from there goes straight down at

work zone.

To protect the eyes from the glare of the surface of the lamps that glow, serve

the dark corner of the lamp - the corner of horizontal creations

from the surface of the lamp (the edge of the thread that glows) and the line that passes through

reinforcement edge

Luminaires for fluorescent lamps are mainly light-emitting

torospodil.

To serve the world in the face of direct closeness is a dry kut,

Screen grilles made from clear plastic or glass.

For additional information on the correct placement of lamps, please contact the operator

A lighting system is created in the area.

an additional lamp is installed (for example, kososvit), and also when

Vikonanny on the plots of the workshop vary depending on the nature of the work or the obviousness

shading possession.

Spotlighting is intended for brightening the working surface

Can be stationary or portable, for this purpose the lamps most often get stuck

frying, because fluorescent lamps can trigger strobe

Emergency lighting is installed in the production areas and in

in an open area for an hourly continuation of work in case of emergency

vymkneniya working lighting (backlight).

There may be no security

less than 5% brightness as standard for the ambient lightening system.

VIROBNYCHA VIBRATION

Trival infusion of vibrations of high levels into the human body

lead to the development of premature fatigue and decreased productivity.

In fact, illness increases and often leads to professional loss

pathology – vibration disease.

Vibration is a mechanical rocker system with springs

Vibration depends on the method of transmission to people (depending on the nature

contact with vibration devices) can be divided into:

mіstsevu (local), which is transferred to the hands of the worker, then zagalnu,

what is transmitted through the supporting surfaces to the body of a person in a sitting position

(yagіdnitsi) or standing (sole of the legs).

Great vibration in the practice of hygiene

normalization is defined as vibration of working places.

Among the virobniks

The mind is often affected by local and solar vibration.

Viral vibration behind its physical characteristics

Complete the folding classification.

According to the nature of the spectrum, vibration is divided into

shirokosmugovu;

behind the frequency warehouse - to the low-frequency one

maximum levels in octave smugs are 8 and 16 Hz, mid-frequency – 31.5 and

63 Hz, high frequency – 125, 250, 500, 1000 Hz – for local vibration;

for vibration of working places - variably 1 and 4 Hz, 8 and 16 Hz, 31.5 and

Behind the time characteristics one can discern vibration: steady,

the value of the vibrational fluidity changes no more than 2 times (by 6 dB)

per hour of guarding 1 min;

impermanent, for what magnitude

The vibration level changes at least 2 times (by 6 dB) per hour

contact, which should be set over 1 s;

impulse, which consists of one or

many vibrations (for example, impacts), skin

the duration is less than 1 s at a frequency of the current sequence less than 5.6 Hz.

Vibration devices with local vibration and manual

mechanized impact machines, impact-obertal and obertal

with pneumatic or electric drive.

Percussion instruments are grounded on the principle of vibration.

Before them

riveting, chipping, hammering, and pneumatic ramming are used.

Pneumatic and

electric hammer drills.

Get involved in the garden industry,

It is important with the drilling and bukh method and the vido-boot.

Before manual mechanized machines, obertalnoy action lies

grinding, drilling machines, electric and petrol saws.

Local vibration also occurs during sharpening, emery,

grinding and polishing robots that are installed on stationary workbenches with

manual feeding of virobes;

when working with hand tools without motors,

for example, straightening robots.

The main regulatory legal acts that regulate the parameters

vibration vibrations, e:

Sanitary standards and rules when working with machines and equipment that create local vibration that is transferred to the hands of workers.

and "Sanitary standards for vibration of working places" No. 3044-84.

Currently there are nearly 40 national standards regulating

technical capabilities for vibration machines and equipment, systems vibration protection, methods of vibration and assessment of vibration parameters and others The most effective way to protect people from vibration

Withdrawal of contact with possessions that vibrate.

There is a lot of zastosuvannya in action

remote care

, promise

robots, automation and replacement of technological operations.

Reduction of unpleasant vibrations of manual mechanisms

The operator can reach the tools through technical solutions:

changes in vibration intensity in the middle of the dzherel (per rack

constructive improvements);

by the methods of an external vibration protection specialist, such as

elastic damping materials and devices placed between the core

vibrations and the hands of a human operator.

The complex of approaches has an important role in developing and promoting

scientifically based regimes are in progress.

Vibrations that are responsible for vikorystovaty features of individual protection:

mittens or mittens (GOST 12.4.002-74. "Parts of individual protection

hands under vibration.

Zagalni vimogi"); special vzuttya (GOST 12.4.024-76. "Vzuttya

special vibrochemical").

At enterprises involving sanitary supervision of medical facilities and services

protection praci mai buti razrobloniy specific complex of medical-

biological preventive approaches with a balanced character

vibrations and accompanying factors of the vibrational medium flow in.

6. ELECTROMAGNETIC, ELECTRICAL AND MAGNETIC FIELDS.

STATIC

ELECTRICAL

Unsafe inflows may be caused by electromagnetic fields.

radio frequencies (60 kHz-300 GHz) and electric fields of power frequency (50

Jerelom of electric fields of power frequency є

power-conducting parts of active electrical installations (power lines,

inductors, thermal unit capacitors, feeder lines, generators,

transformers, electromagnets, solenoids, pulse units

either of the primary or capacitor type, cast or metal-ceramic

magnets and in.).

Trivalial influx of electric field into the body

people may experience impairment of functional status, nervousness and

cardiac-vascular system.

This is revealed in the progression of nausea,

decreased bones due to work operations, heart pain, change the blood pressure and pulse. The main types of benefits of collective protection from influx

electric field of power-frequency streams and screen

extensions -

warehouse part

electrical installation, intended for

protection for personnel in open and separate structures and in open areas

power lines.

The screen device is necessary when inspecting the equipment and when

promptly hemming and hawing, vigilantism is working.

Structurally

Screen devices are designed in the form of visors, hangings or

partitions made of metal ropes, rods, mesh.

Portable screens are also subject to maintenance work hours

electrical installations in the form of significant canopies, canopies, partitions, awnings and

Screen devices have anti-corrosion coating

grounded.

Electromagnetic fields of radio frequencies:

devices that can be used in radio communication, radio broadcasting, television, medicine, and

also equipped for heating dielectrics (welding plastics, heating

plastic, gluing of wood chips, etc.);

in the range 300 MHz - 300 GHz - unshielded components

devices for use in radar, radio astronomy, radio spectroscopy,

physiotherapy etc.

Trivalium infusion of radiokhvil on various systems of the body

People behind the inheritance show different manifestations.

Most characteristic of the influx of radio waves in all ranges

є improvement of the normal state of the central nervous system and

cardiac-vascular system of a person Subjective impressions of the discussed

the staff suffers from frequent headaches, drowsiness or sleepiness

insomnia, fatigue, weakness, excessive sweating, decreased memory,

brightness, confusion, darkness in the eyes, feeling for no reason

anxiety, fear etc.

To ensure safety, the robot operates using electromagnetic coils

systematic monitoring of actual standard parameters is carried out

in working places and in places of possible need for personnel.

Control

is influenced by the intensity of the electric and magnetic field, and

as well as the intensity of the energy flow based on established techniques

Ministry of Health.

Protection to personnel in the face of influx of radiotherapy stagnation in all types

It works because the minds of robots do not conform to the norms.

Tsei zakhist

This can be done in a variety of ways:

useful attention and relaxation of tension to reduce tension

the strength of the field of energy flow of electromagnetic coils;

screens of the work place and dzherela viprominyuvanya;

rational placement of work premises;

selection of rational modes of operation and mode of operation

staff;

zastosuvannya zabobіzhnogo zakhistu.

The most effective way to improve the usefulness of the desired conditions

tension (equivalent antennas) during preparation, adjustment and conversion of several blocks and equipment complexes.

In an efficient manner

protection from electromagnetic disturbances

є screen jerel viprominuvaniya and work place for assistance

screens that fade or dissipate electromagnetic energy.

Vibir const.

The hands of the screens depend on the nature of the technological process, the strength

The energy is not too bad for the generator set or

radar station.

In other situations, as a rule, you get stuck

Fading screens.

For the preparation of screens for beating, vicorized materials with high

electrical conductivity, for example metal (at the sight of wall walls) or

bavonic fabrics with a metal base.

Social metals

screens are most efficient and are already protected at a thickness of 0.01 mm

weakening of the electromagnetic field by approximately 50 dB (100,000 times).

To prepare clay-resistant screens, use filthy materials

electrical conductivity.

Clay screens are prepared in the form of pressing

Gumi sheets in a special warehouse with final dry or empty ones

spikes, as well as the appearance of plates made of porous gum, coated with carbonyl

from a pressed metal mesh.

These materials are glued

on the frame or on the surface of a durable surface.

Important preventive care against electromagnetic radiation

proprіnnennaya - tse vikonannya vmog for placement of possessions and

creative premises, which include electromagnetic elements

viprominyuvannya.

Protection to personnel from re-evaluation of the possibility of being reached behind the rack

placement of HF, UHF and UHF generators, as well as radio transmitters

specially designed premises.

The screens are disabled and the workspaces are blocked with switches

devices that allow you to turn off the robot of your choice when

open screen.

Acceptable equal inflows to healthcare workers and benefits before the

control at work stations for electric fields of power frequency

laid down in GOST 12.1.002-84, and for electromagnetic fields of radio frequencies -

GOST 12.1.006-84.

At enterprises, they are widely victorious and take away from great quantities

speeches and materials that lead to dielectric authorities, that

removes static electricity charges.

Static electrics are finally rubbed

(dotik or sub) two dielectrics one about one or

dielectrics about metals.

When you rub on the rivers, you can accumulate

electrical charges that easily flow to the ground, like the body

electrical conductor and it is grounded.

On dielectrics

Charge up the trivial hour, the inheritance of what the stinks took away

with the addition and further removal of two solid different bodies

(Contact electrification).

The discharge of static electricity occurs when the voltage

electrostatic field above the surface of an insulator or conductor,

due to the accumulation of charges on them, reaching critical (penetrating)

magnitude.

For current breakdown voltage set to 30 kB/div.

In people who work near the zone of influx of an electrostatic field,

Miscellaneous problems are becoming more common: fatigue, headaches,

impaired sleep, decreased appetite, etc.

Permissible voltage levels of installed electrostatic fields

GOST 12.1.045-84 "Electrostatic fields. Acceptable levels at work

in places and before carrying out Control and Sanitary and Hygienic

standards of permissible electrostatic field voltage (No. 1757-77). This is normative legal acts

expand on electrostatic

fields created during the operation of high-voltage electrical installations

steady stream and electrification of dielectric materials, and install

permissible levels of tension of electrostatic fields at work places staff, as well as Zagalni vymogi

before inspection and maintenance

Permissible voltage levels of electrostatic fields

are installed reliably during work hours.

Limit permissible level of tension of electrostatic fields

installed at 60 kV/m for 1 year.

When the voltage of electrostatic fields is less than 20 kV/m

exposure to electrostatic fields is not regulated.

In the voltage range from 20 to 60 kV/m, the permissible overload hour

personnel in an electrostatic field must remain in the presence of

specific level of voltage at the working place.

Approach the static electrics directly in advance

guilt and accumulation of charges of static electricity, creation

the dissolution of the minds of the charges and the elimination of the insecurity of their unprofitable influx.

Before the main entries, the defense should be informed:

preventing the accumulation of charges on electrically conductive parts

possession that can be reached by grounded possession and communication, on

what charges may appear (apparatuses, tanks, pipelines,

conveyors, drainage devices, trestles, etc.);

change

electric support of the flutes, which are being rebuilt;

depreciation

static electricity charge intensity Reachable

with the ultimate selection of fluidity for the flow of speeches, blame

removal of static electricity charges that accumulate on people.

Allows you to turn off the safety of electrical discharges that can cause

ignition and vibration, vibration and fire of unsafe sums, and also harm

influx of static electricity onto people.

The main approaches of zakhistu

e: installation of electrically conductive substrates or grounding zones, platforms

and working maidans, grounding of door handles, exit handrails, handles

accessories, machines and equipment;

the safety of those who work with the fluorescent pipes,

antistatic gowns.

SHKIDLIVI KHIMICHNI RECHOVINI

Speech is understood as unexpected, as in contact with the body

people suffer from viral injuries, occupational illnesses or

recovery in the state of health.

Classification of awkward speeches and dirty speeches

Vimogi safety measures are approved by GOST 12.1.007-76.

The stage and character of the destruction of normal robots, which are called out by speech

the body to lie in the path of entry into the body, dose, hour infusion,

concentration of speech, its severity, it will become absorbent tissue

the body as a whole, atmospheric pressure, temperature and other

characteristics of Dovkill.

The lasting influx of negative speech into the body can be

anatomical correction, permanent or temporary disorders

combined inheritances.

A lot of silly speeches that blow a lot

cause a disorder in the body of normal physiological activity

without noticeable anatomical changes, infusing the work of nerves and

cardiac-vascular system, for the external exchange of speech, etc.

Lost speech consumes the body through the organs of the respiratory system, the

intestinal tract and through the scalp.

The most advanced penetration into

the body of speeches at the sight of gas, steaming and sawing through the organs of breathing (about 95%

dismissal of all).

Seeing awkward speeches in the middle of the world is possible under the hour of implementation

technological processes and work related to stagnation,

saving, transporting chemicals and materials, their types

preparations.

Peel is the most widespread adverse factor

genetic media, Numerical technological processes and operations

in industry, in transport, in the agricultural dominion they are supported

the creations and the seen saws, to which the great can succumb

contingents of workers.

The basis for conducting approaches to combating unprofitable speeches is

The following safety instructions cover almost all types of car service activities and include:
IVT for administrative and management personnel;

IVT for battery;

IVT for gas boiler;

IVT for a carpenter who repairs cars;

IVT for a woodworker for the repair of heating equipment;

IVT for a carpenter-repairman;

IVT for electric manual welding;

IVT with the provision of medical assistance;

IVT when the car is suspended and the robots are under it;

IVT at vykonanny tire repair robots;

Form for registering the introductory briefing;

The form of the magazine contains instructions for the protection of work.

The instructions are compiled and prepared in accordance with all the rules and in compliance with the control authorities on the basis of specific regulatory documentation.
On this documentation base, there are also log forms for recording incoming training and instructions for the protection of work, in which the covers and caps are presented, table by form and sequence, down to orderly legislation.
Let's take a look at how safe you are in front of the cob robot.

After the auto mechanics come to work, they will have to change their clothes, which consists of: pants, work overalls, shirts, hats, jackets.

Includes special features of individual protection: gloves, dry eyepieces.

The complete set of overalls can be changed depending on the type of work.

The clothes must be cinched at all the waists and tucks, the trousers must be over the waist, the cuffs of the sleeves must be clasped, the hair must be tucked under a tight-fitting headdress.

Before work, the worker checks to ensure that the tools and devices are in good condition, not worn, and are suitable for safe minds:

The wooden handles of the instruments must be smoothly trimmed, their surfaces are free of dents and other defects, and the instruments must be properly seated and properly fastened.

Impact tools (teeth, beards) are free of cracks, nicks, hardening, and most of them are to be smooth and free of cracks, nicks and chips.

The work is focused on the availability and correctness of fences, blocking and other devices to ensure the safety of work, and for sufficient lighting of the work area.

It is not possible to push against the mechanisms and wrapping parts of machines that are in Russia, as well as the flow parts of the equipment that are under tension, without first damaging the unsafe object.

Third-party objects and tools are thrown around on the surface of the mechanisms that collapse.

When starting the machine, the unit, the workbench, the worker is especially obliged to roll over in the presence of workers in the work area of the machine.

Whenever a worker feels bad about himself, he starts working, bring the work place to a safe place, turn to the head mechanic, who is the main burden of the job, and let him go home, continue working for an hour after receiving kiv, or lead to the doctor’s office.
If the head mechanic is not on duty, then a person is required to replace him. You can ensure safety in emergency situations.
, electric motors, electrical equipment, the appearance of sparks or broken wires, etc., the workers are immediately alerted to the problem and reported to the head mechanic.
As required, the evacuation of people from the unsafe zone is organized.

In case of accidents involving people or workers, pre-medical assistance can be provided, because

everything is needed in the first aid kit, in which case the chief mechanic is notified, and it saves the situation in the event of an accident, which does not threaten the life and health of those who are absent and does not disrupt the technical process before arrival osіb, investigation of the causes of the accident.

If you are struck by an electric shock, it is best to get the patient out of the action, as long as the severity of the action is determined by the severity of the injury.
For this reason, there is a switch in the auto repair shop for a quick uncontrolled placement.

To ensure safety after finishing work. Upon completion of the change, the work area is put in order (the saw and saw blades are cleaned, the tools are collected and stored in the place where they are installed, the outlets are collected and stored in the place where they are installed , attached and unfinished parts). If the overalls are worn out for repairs, it is necessary to tell the head mechanic that the type is different, and wash the overalls at a dry cleaner.
Follow the rules of special hygiene.

Fire safety

During the first and subsequent instructions, the skin practitioner is explained the location of the fire shield, and how it is necessary to extinguish the middle of the fire so that it is safe for the worker himself.

Robot workers are prohibited from passing and accessing the opposite property, thereby violating fire safety rules. Spill fire on the ground oil materials

begin to wheeze.

Sand leaking from naphtha products may result in unsafe clean-up and removal from the place, which is cleared from the sanitary station.

The viscous wiping material is taken into a special metal screen with a lid.

Preservation of easily occupied objects and flammable liquids, acids and large quantities in the workplace that exceed the essential needs of the finished product is prohibited.

In the auto repair shop, as an alternative alarm system, there are smoke detectors with a fusible element, which warn about the fire behind the additional siren. A roboticist who has violated the instructions for the protection of the law may be subject to disciplinary responsibility in accordance with the rules of internal order, and since the violation is related to There is no material harm to the auto mechanic, the worker bears material responsibility in the established order

Picking and storage robots

, which will be completed in the TP zone, include the replacement of faulty units, mechanisms and assemblies on vehicles for reference, the replacement of faulty parts in them with new or repaired ones, as well as sorting and folding robots associated with the repair of related details. The most characteristic of the sorting and folding robots are those that replace: engines, rear and front axles, gearboxes, radiators, components, suspension parts, springs, parts that were worn in units and units. For this purpose, it is necessary to assemble various stands, equipment, sets of tools and

special tools

: wrenches, torque wrenches, etc. The organization of production in TR ATP zones is possible on the basis of two methods: universal and specialized posts.

Universal Post Method

Method of special posts transmits the new type of work to a number of posts specializing in the new type of work (by engine, transmission, etc.).

The skin of the specialized post is equipped with equipment consistent with the nature of the work that is being completed on the new one.

Specialization of TP posts allows you to maximally mechanize the labor intensity of the robot, reduce the demand for the same type of equipment, improve your brain power, eliminate the shortage of less qualified workers, increase the productivity of the robot and increase productivity. There are prices for 20–40%.

An example of the solution to the layout of the organization at the dead-end post and the organization of guard work can be shown in Fig. 3.2 simple planning of a universal post in the area of continuous automobile repair.

Working stations for replacing and TP engines of commercial vehicles

As a rule, they are organized on isolated standard inspection dead-end ditches.

1 Specialized work stations for TP engines can be of two types: for removing and installing engines for TP engines on cars. 2 They differ in the equipment and number of Vikonavians who are working at the same time. 3 The working station for TP engines should be completely placed near the engine (unit) section, in order with the section, completing, checking and running in the engines. 4 The station must be fully equipped with diagnostic equipment to ensure control and regulation after the operation of the TR. 5 All engine parts that are removed during in-line repairs (block head, water pump, valves, springs, etc.) should be cleaned and repaired at the engine (unit) part. 6 Rice. 3.2. 7 Approximate technological planning of a universal post in the area of continuous automobile repair: - Overhead crane;; 8 – shelving for extensions; 9 - Wheel-impeller; 10 – a wrench for the nuts of the resor drabins; 11 - stand for equipment and units; 12 – a carriage for removing and installing wheels; 13 – device for storage 14 exhaust gases 15 - Povitrozvalna column; 16 - wrench for wheel nuts; 17 - Vizok for units; 18 , 26 – spinner rack for normals; 19 - cabinet for fittings and tools; 20 - A fork for replacing bridges; 21 - oil dispenser tank; 22 – capacity for evil oil; 23 – breams; 24 - Transition town; 25 – screenshots for cleaning materials; 27 – screen for exits;

Work stations that specialize in the repair of other units and systems are organized similarly to universal stations, except for the specialization of equipment.

Specifics of TR gas equipment It is important to create specialized posts and organize the work of special repair workers on them.

Among the specialized posts, posts are created and equipped for the detection of low diagnostic and regulatory work.

The need to organize a call is necessary and the TP of a special diagnostic installation is running.

To such posts, which are organized based on economical processing and moving the core of the work, we can mention: