Do-it-yourself automatic charger for a car battery.

Golovna Insurance Early in the day, the car may stop starting due to a low battery charge. Continued operation will lead to the point where the generator can no longer charge the battery. This time you need a lot of food.

trim under your hand, I would like it to be simpler charger For

car battery

Nina, the original transformer charging is being replaced by a new generation of improved models.

Pulse and automatic chargers are becoming very popular among them. We are familiar with the principle of their work, and those who still want to work - go Pulse charging for batteries

Instead of a transformer, the pulse charging device of the car battery will provide a recharge. However, its main advantages lie in the simplicity of the design, significantly lower price and compact size. Charging the battery with pulse devices occurs in two stages: I'll stop when the voltage gets low, and then when the voltage gets bad, I'll start

(often the charging process is automated).

In general, modern charging devices are made up of the same type, or even more complex circuits, so in the event of a breakdown, it is better to add a new one to an unfinished power supply. Acid -

lead batteries very sensitive to temperature. In hot weather, the battery charge is at least 50%, and in severe frost it is at least 75%.

Otherwise, the battery may stop working and will need to be recharged. Pulse devices are well suited for this and do not waste the battery. Automatic charger for car batteries For underserved water users, an automatic charging device will be best suited.

Very often, due to improper operation of the battery, sulfation occurs on its plates.

The charge-discharge cycle not only removes the battery from the salts that have appeared, but also prolongs its service life. Regardless of the low price of current chargers, moments are wasted if there is no reliable charging at hand. Tom

It’s really possible to use a charging device

for a car battery with your own hands Let's take a look at a bunch of butts of self-propelled devices. Charging the battery from the computer's battery packAnyone who may lose an old computer with a working life unit from which the standalone charging device can be removed.

This is ideal for any type of battery. Scheme of a simple charging device from a computer life block In practice, the skin living block at the DA1 site has a PWM controller on a TL494 microcircuit or a similar one KA7500.

To charge the battery, the required volume is 10% of the total battery capacity

(calculate from 55 to 65A * year), then any power supply will exert pressure over 150 W on the building’s power supply.

From now on, you need to boil the unnecessary darts from the jerels -5, -12, +5, +12. Next, you need to connect resistor R1, which is replaced by a tuning resistor with the highest value of 27 kOhm. The voltage from the +12 bus will be transmitted to the upper circuit.

Then 16 is connected to the main line, and 14 and 15 are simply cut at the junction. This is approximately how BP can be at the cob stage of processing. Now a potentiometer-regulator struma R10 is installed on the rear station of the life block and 2 cords are passed through:

one edge, the other for connection to the battery terminals

. It is recommended to prepare a block of resistors ahead of time, in addition to any connection, the regulation will be much more manual.

For this preparation, two 5W8R2J 5W metering resistors are connected in parallel. In the pouch the total voltage reaches 10 W, and the required support is 0.1 Ohm. It is necessary to install a variable resistor at the middle position of the R10 potentiometer. To connect the connectors to the battery terminals, crocodile-type clamps are installed at the ends. The insulating tubes on the clamp are wobbling.

different colors

. The red color indicates a plus, and the black color indicates a minus.

Don't mess around with the wire connections, otherwise you'll end up with the device.

A typical charger for a car battery from a PC may look something like this.

If the charging device will only be used to charge the battery, it can be used as a volt-ampere meter. To set the cob flow, sufficiently adjust the graduated scale of potentiometer R10 to values ​​of 5.5-6.5 A.

Perhaps the entire charging process will not require human assistance. A charger of this type is subject to overheating or overcharging of the battery. – The simplest way to charge using a compatible adapter The role of the permanent source here is played by a 12-volt adapter

. In this case, a charger circuit for a car battery is not needed. Golovne vrahuvati

important specialness The voltage of the battery may be equal to the voltage of the battery itself

, otherwise the battery will not be charged.

The end of the adapter dart is cut and stripped to 5 cm. Further darts with different charges are removed one at a time by 40 cm. Then

a “crocodile” is dressed at the end of the skin

(Type of zatiskachiv), the skins are obliged to vary the color in order to avoid confusion with the polarity.

The clamps are sequentially connected to the battery (from plus to plus, from minus to minus) and then turn on the adapter.

• The light bulb is dimmed up to 200 W. It is necessary to maintain the fluidity of the battery charging –;
• what's more, then what's more supercharger diode to conduct electricity only in one direction.;
• How is this a good idea

You can use it to charge your laptop

darts with terminals and plug.

The connection diagram of the elements and the process of charging the battery are clearly demonstrated in this video.

If the circuit is properly adjusted, the light bulb will light up in the fire, but if it does not light up at all, then it is necessary to further test the circuit.

It is possible that the light does not light when the battery is fully charged, which is low (the voltage at the terminals is high, and the voltage is small).

The charging period lasts for approximately 10 years, after the completion of any charges, connect the charging device in a controlled manner, otherwise the battery will overheat and fail. In an emergency, you can charge the battery by adding pressure and heating using the jet-by-line method. The sequence of connection to the limit may be as follows: diode, heater, battery.

This method requires a large amount of electricity, and the efficiency factor is significantly small - 1%.

This self-charging device for a car battery can be used in the simplest way, but is extremely unreliable.

Visnovok

To create the simplest charging device, like your battery, you need a lot of technical knowledge.

Z

a wide selection of exercises at once on the market with great functionality and a simple interface for the robot. Therefore, if possible, you will have a reliable device with a guarantee that the battery will not be damaged and will continue to operate stable.

Then it is necessary to adjust the settings of the stabilizer or intermediary so that the necessary flow can be supplied to the charge.

The charger can be said to be automatic.

The battery is charged to a given voltage using a stable charge. As the charge increases, the force of the flow decreases, and at the very end of the process it becomes equal to zero. When starting to prepare the device, you need to know

secondary block

lively

What are the blocks for, which contain the TL494 PWM controller or its full-fledged analogue K7500.

Once a required life block has been found, it must be verified. To start the unit, you need to connect the green wires from the black wires. Once the unit has started, check the voltage on all buses.

If everything is in order, then it is necessary to pull the circuit board out of the steel case.

After receiving the payment, you must remove all the darts, except two black, two green, and go to start the block.

Other parts are recommended to be soldered with a strong soldering iron, for example, 100 W. At this stage, all your respect will be needed, as much as possible. important moment

in the whole situation. It is necessary to identify the first circuit of the microcircuit (the example has a 7500 microcircuit), and find the first resistor, which corresponds to the connection to the 12 Art. bus..

There are a lot of resistors installed on the first circuit, but it doesn’t matter to know what is needed, as long as you call everything with a multimeter.

A bunch of words about the work of intermediary of the struma.

In this circuit, the operational booster is used as a comparator, which equals the voltage across the low-reference resistor with the reference voltage.

The rest is set for the additional zener diode.

And the regulation resistor now changes the voltage.

When changing the voltage value, the operating booster is designed to smooth out the voltage at the inputs and result in a change or increase in the output voltage. Tim himself is an “operator” with a field-effect transistor.

The rest is regulated by weekend activities.

The field transistor needs to be pressed, the fragments pass through the entire flow of charge.

The application uses IRFZ44, although it is possible to select other parameters.

The transistor is easily installed for heat dissipation, and even during high volumes it will warm up.

In this case, the transistor is simply attached to the body of the life block.

Drukovana board bula divorced nashvidkuruch:

It was a bad idea for him to do too much.

Now it’s time to put everything together on the picture and start before editing.

The voltage is set to 14.5 V. The voltage regulator does not need to be adjusted.

For charging, there is only a charge regulator on the front panel, and a voltmeter is not needed, since the ammeter will show everything that needs to be charged during charging.

The ammeter can be taken from a Radian analogue or digital one.

There is also a toggle switch on the front panel to start the device and output terminals. Now we can complete the project. car battery.

This process allows you to regulate specialty devices that are sold in specialty units.

As a rule, it can take a high level of skill to make it inaccessible to everyone.

It is more important to make the life block of the charging device with your own hands.

Before you begin the work process, you need to become familiar with the types of chargers for your car.

Different types of charging for rechargeable batteries

The process of charging batteries means renewing the wasted effort.

For this purpose special adhesives are used to produce constant flow and constant voltage. In the acquisition process, it is important to ensure polarity. Incorrect installation will cause a short circuit to appear, which will lead to damage to parts in the middle of the car.

To quickly reanimate the battery, it is recommended to use constant voltage.

It is important to renew the vehicle's usefulness within 5 years.

A simple circuit diagram for a charger

Why can I use a charging device?

All details

stained glass materials

You can use the old everyday devices.

You can manually regulate the feed stream using two transistors and an adjustment resistor. These parts ensure smooth flow steady voltage

and ensure the correct output voltage level. There are a lot of ideas and instructions on the Internet on how to create a charging device.

Photo of the charger with my own hands

The photograph shows a self-propelled automatic charging device for charging 12 V car batteries with a charge of up to 8 A, housed in a housing shaped like a B3-38 millivoltmeter.
Why do you need to charge your car battery?

charger

The car's battery is charged using an additional electric generator.

To protect the electrical equipment from the applied voltage that vibrates the car generator, then install a relay-regulator that limits the voltage in the on-board circuit of the car to 14.1 ± 0.2 V. For recharging The accumulator requires a voltage of at least 14.5 St .

Thus, it is impossible to fully charge the battery from the generator, and before the cold weather sets in, it is necessary to charge the battery from the charging device.

Analysis of charger circuits

An interesting one is the design of the charging device in the computer's power supply unit.

Structural diagrams of computer blocks are, however, new, but not electrical, and additional processing requires high radio engineering qualifications.

I was interested in the capacitor circuit of the charging device, the CCD is high, it does not see heat, it will provide a stable flow of charge regardless of the level of charge of the battery and the level of life, there is no fear of short circuits to the output.

Ale tezh maje nestachu.

If during the charging process there is contact with the battery, the voltage on the capacitors increases many times (the capacitors and transformer create a resonant flammable circuit at the frequency of the electrical cutoff), and smells break through.

In an automobile capacitor charger, regulation of the magnitude and stabilization of the current charge of the battery is ensured by switching on in series with the primary winding of the power transformer T1 of ballast capacitors C4-C9.

The greater the capacitor capacity, the greater the flow of charge to the battery.

In practice, after finishing the charging device option, you can connect the battery after the diode bridge and charge it, otherwise the reliability of such circuits is low.

If the contact with the battery terminals is damaged, the capacitors may fail.

The capacitance of capacitors, which depends on the value of the flow and voltage on the secondary winding of the transformer, can be approximately calculated using the formula, or it is easier to navigate using the data in the table.
To regulate the flow in order to reduce the speed of the capacitors, they can be connected in parallel to a group.

In my case, the switching is done using two year-old switches, or you can install a number of toggle switches.

Zakhistu scheme

type of parallel connection of battery poles

The circuit protects against polarity reversal of the charger if the battery is incorrectly connected to the Viconan terminals on relay P3.
If the battery connections are incorrect, the VD13 diode does not pass the strings, the relay is not connected, the contacts of relay K3.1 are open and the string is not placed on the battery terminals.

To provide operational support and support voltage, a DA1 stabilizer microcircuit of type 142EN8G at 9V is installed.

The microcircuit is not specially designed.

When the temperature of the microcircuit body changes by 10º, the output voltage changes by a hundredth of a volt.

System for automatically turning off charging when the voltage reaches 15.6 V on half of the A1.1 microcircuit.

Replacement of 4 microcircuits of connections to the voltage distributor R7, R8, from which a reference voltage of 4.5 V is supplied. Replacement of 4 microcircuits of connections to another distributor on resistors R4-R6, resistor R5 is adjusted to set the threshold automatic machine pricing.

The operating principle of the circuit for automatically switching on the charging device whenever the voltage is transferred through the presence of the voltage switched to the other half of the operating booster A1.2 is the same. Just a step permanent connection

charging device at a time of 19 V. Since the charging voltage is less than 19 V, there is enough voltage at the output of 8 A1.2 microcircuits to energize transistor VT2 in an open station, when voltage is applied to relay P2.

As soon as the charging voltage is set to 19, the transistor will close, the relay will release contacts K2.1 and the voltage supply to the charging device will stop completely.

As soon as the battery is connected, it powers the automation circuit, and the charging device immediately turns to the working position.

Design of an automatic charging device

All parts of the charging device are housed in the body of the V3-38 miliammeter, which contains everything except the pointer device. Installation of elements, in addition to automation circuits, mountings using the hanging method. The design of the miliammeter body consists of two rectangular frames connected by coils.

The rolls with a smooth cut have a cut-out opening, so that the parts can be attached manually.

The power LEDs of the charging unit are secured behind two clamping bars to the radiator in the middle of the body.

For this purpose, a straight-cut hole is drilled into the rear wall of the housing. This technical solution made it possible to reduce to a minimum the amount of heat that appears in the middle of the body and save space. The diodes and wires that are supplied are soldered onto an unsecured strip of foil-textile laminate.

The photograph shows a self-propelled charger for a right-handed device.

Installation

electrical circuits

for wires with colored wires, for alternating voltage - with brown wires, for positive voltage - with red wires, with negative wires - with blue colored wires. The cross section of the wires that go from the secondary winding of the transformer to the terminals for connecting the battery is at least 1 mm2. The ammeter shunt is a piece of high-resistance constantan about a centimeter long, the end of which is sealed in copper.

The maximum value of the shunt is selected when calibrating the ammeter. I carried out a burnt needle tester from the shunt. One end of the copper strip is soldered directly to the positive output terminal, and a solid conductor is soldered to the other strip, which goes to the contacts of relay P3.

The red and worm wires go to the pointer device from the shunt.

Drukovan board for the automatic charging unit

The circuit for automatic regulation and protection against incorrect connection of the battery to the charger is soldered on another board made of foil-textile laminate.

The photo shows external look selected schemes.

The small wooden board with automatic control circuits and protection is simple, open the window with a 2.5 mm edge.

On the connector for connecting a car battery to the charger, crocodile-type clips are installed on one side, and split tips on the other side.

To connect the positive terminal of the battery, the red wire is selected, and to connect the negative terminal, the blue wire is selected.

The cross section of the wires for connecting to the battery unit is not less than 1 mm2.

To the electrical limit, charging devices are connected to an additional universal cord with a plug and socket, as is used for connecting computers, office equipment and other electrical appliances.

About the details of the charging device

Power transformer T1 is of the TN61-220 type, the secondary windings of which are connected in series, as shown in the diagram. Since the CCD of the charging device is not less than 0.8 and the current charge does not exceed 6 A, you need a transformer with a power of 150 watts. The secondary winding of the transformer is required to provide a voltage of 18-20 V at a voltage of up to 8 A. Since there is no ready-made transformer, you can take any power supply and rewind the secondary winding.

You can determine the number of turns of the secondary winding of a transformer using a special calculator.

Relays P1 and P2 are for a voltage of 9-12 and contacts rated for commutation of 1 A. P3 for a voltage of 9-12 V and switching of 10 A, for example RP-21-003. What's wrong with the relay contact groups

, then they should be soldered in parallel.

The S1 remitter, of any type, is rated for operation at a voltage of 250 V and has a sufficient number of contacts to switch.

If you don’t need a 1 A current regulation period, you can install a few toggle switches and set the charge level to, say, 5 A and 8 A. If you only charge car batteries, then this solution is entirely justified.

Peremikach S2 serves for the activation of the charging level control system.

Once the battery is fully charged, the system can be charged earlier, and the battery will be fully charged.

In this case, the system can be turned on and continue charging in manual mode.

After installing all the parts on the other board, it is necessary to apply a 12-15 V voltage from the life block to the ground wire (minus) and output 17 DA1 microcircuits (plus).

If the voltage at the output of the life block varies from 12 to 20 V, you need to use a voltmeter to check that the voltage at the output of microcircuit 2 of the voltage stabilizer DA1 is 9 V. Yes or changes, then DA1 is faulty.

Microcircuits of the K142EN series and analogues can be protected by a short circuit at the output and if you short-circuit the output to the ground wire, the microcircuit will go into protection mode and will not go well.

The verification showed that the voltage at the output of the microcircuit is equal to 0, which does not always mean that it is faulty.

It is entirely possible to detect a short circuit between the tracks of the other board or a faulty one of the radio elements of the circuit.

To check the microcircuits, it is enough to go to the board 2 and show 9, which means the microcircuit is OK, and you need to find out and remove the short circuit.

Checking the system against overvoltage The description of the principle of operation of circuits begins with the simplest part of the circuit, until there are no strict standards for voltage application. The function of connecting the charger to the electrical cutoff for each type of battery is the last part of the circuit, assembled on the operational differential booster A1.2 (hereinafter referred to as OU). The principle of the operating differential booster Without knowing the principle of operation of an op-amp, it is difficult to design robotic circuits, so I’ll point it out

short description

.

Let's go back to the diagram.

The non-inverting input of the booster A1.2 (connection 6) connects to the voltage splitter, collected on resistors R13 and R14.

This continuum of connections until the stabilized voltage 9 and therefore the voltage at the point of connection of the resistors does not change and becomes 6.75 V. The other input of the op-amp (frame 7) connects to another voltage segment, selected on resistors R11 and R12.

This is the voltage of the connections to the bus where the charging stage goes, and the voltage then changes depending on the size of the line and the stage of battery charge.

If the circuit does not work, you need to check the voltages at inputs 6 and 7, the output of the op-amp.

If the voltage is too high, it is necessary to check the ratings of the resistors of the different connections.

If the resistors and diode VD11 are correct, then the op-amp is also faulty.

To check the lance R15, D11, it is enough to connect one of the main elements of these elements, the circuit will operate only without hysteresis, so that it turns on and off at the same voltage supplied from the life block .

Transistor VT12 can be easily checked by connecting one of the connectors R16 and monitoring the voltage at the output of the op-amp.

If the voltage outputs of the op-amp change correctly, and the relay is permanently turned on, then there is a breakdown between the collector and the emitter of the transistor.

Checking the battery connection circuits when charging again The principle of operation of op amp A1.1 is in no way different from that of operation A1.2, except for the possibility of changing the voltage threshold using an additional tuning resistor R5. To check the operation of A1.1, the life voltage supplied from the life block gradually increases and changes between 12-18 V. When the voltage reaches 15.6 V, turn on relay P1 and switch the charger with contacts K1.1 to the small-stroke charging mode through the condenser ator C4.

When the voltage level drops below 12.54, the relay will turn on and switch the charger into the charging mode of the specified value.
The voltage at the switching threshold of 12.54 can be adjusted by changing the value of resistor R9, but there is no need for it.

In addition to the help of the S2 remixer, you can turn on automatic mode robots, having pulled relay P1 out of the middle.

Charging device circuit using capacitors without automatic connection For those who do not have sufficient evidence for the election

If the battery is not connected, the contacts of the relay P1 K1.1 and K1.2 are disconnected and the charging device should not be connected to the circuit until the circuit is alive.

The same applies if you connect the battery according to polarity.

When the battery is connected correctly, the current flows through the VD8 diode to the winding of relay P1, the relay energizes and contacts K1.1 and K1.2 close. Through closed contacts K1.1 the voltage is supplied to the charging device, and through K1.2 the charging string is supplied to the battery. At first glance, it appears that the contacts of relay K1.2 are not needed, otherwise, if they are not present, then when the battery is connected in a small way, the flow from the positive output of the battery through the negative terminal of the charger, then through the same place and then without middle to the minus terminal of the battery and the diode bridge It's going to get out of hand.

Requested

simple diagram
For charging batteries, it is easily adapted for charging batteries at a voltage of 6 or 24 V. It is enough to replace relay P1 with a consistent voltage.

To charge 24 volt batteries, it is necessary to ensure that the output voltage from the secondary winding T1 of the transformer is not less than 36 V.

When using a simple charging device circuit, you can supplement it with a device indicating the charging current and voltage, which has increased the same as in the automatic charging device circuit.

Procedure for charging a car battery

Sometimes the battery is drained so that the battery in the car is seated and started and does not come out, as long as the starter does not receive voltage and power to turn the engine shaft.

In this case, you can “light” the car so that the engine is charged and the battery is charged by the generator, which requires special parts from the person who wants to help you.

You can also charge the battery yourself using another specialized charging device, but it’s expensive and you don’t have to use them very often.

Therefore, in this article we will take a closer look at the charging device for a car battery, as well as instructions on how to create a charging device for a car battery with your own hands. Attachment of self-robes

The normal voltage on the battery connected to the car is between 12.5 and 15 degrees.

This is why the charging device is responsible for the high voltage.

The charge charge requires approximately 0.1 volts of capacity, but it may be less, but this will increase the charging hour.

For a standard battery with a capacity of 70-80 amps per year, the power supply must be equal to 5-10 amps depending on the specific battery.

Our self-contained battery charger can meet these parameters.

1. To assemble a charger for a car battery, we need the following elements:
   
2. Transformatori.
   
   
3. For additional help, the lines 9 and 9 are connected to each other.
   
4. On the sklotextolite plate we select one place from the diodes and radiators (as shown in the photo).
   
5. Connections 10 and 10 are connected to the diode bridge.
6. A jumper is installed between pins 1 and 1.
   
7. To connections 2 and 2, with the help of a soldering iron, securely use a hemlock cord with a plug.
8. The first circuit has a 0.5 A supply, and the second one has a 10-amp supply.
9. At the break between one bridge The battery is connected to an ammeter and a piece of nichrome dart.
10. One end is secured, and the other is responsible for ensuring mechanical contact, thus changing the support and interconnecting the flow that is supplied to the battery.
11. Everything is insulated with heat shrink or electrical tape and placed near the device.
12. This is necessary to avoid the electrical shock.

We install a hand-held contact at the end of the dart so that its income and support are maximized.

I connect the battery.

When changing or increasing the amount of power, you must set the required value for your battery (0.1 of its capacity).

During the charging process, the power source supplied to the battery itself changes and when it reaches 1 ampere, we can say that the battery is charged.

It is also important to closely monitor the voltage on the battery, for which it is necessary to connect the battery input, since when charging it will be a little higher than the real value. The first launch of the zirbrannoy circuit, be it life-giving or the charger, will first vibrate through the heating lamp, since it burned in the deep heat - either there is a mercy here, or the primary winding is closed! Install the ignition lamp at the phase or zero ignition point to revive the primary winding.

This circuit of a self-powered battery charger has one big drawback - it cannot automatically switch off the battery from charging after reaching the required voltage.

• When connecting the terminal, be careful not to confuse the “+” and “-”, otherwise a simple self-powered battery charger will go wrong;
• Connections to terminals must be made in a different position;
• the multimeter is guilty of a mother scale of over 10 A;
• When charging, unscrew the plugs on the battery to allow it to escape through the boiling electrolyte.

Master class with folding and folding models

Axle, ok, and everything I wanted to tell you about how to properly make a charger for a car battery with your own hands.

We hope that the instructions were understandable and useful for you, because...